Alberta Moves to Restrict Medically Assisted Dying to End-of-Life Cases

Alberta has proposed new legislation to limit the use of medically assisted dying (MAID) strictly to patients at the end of life, marking the first time a Canadian province has independently sought to impose such restrictions.

Currently, Canada allows medically assisted dying for individuals with serious, incurable illnesses or disabilities, even if their death is not reasonably foreseeable. Federal law is also set to expand MAID eligibility next year to include those whose sole medical condition is mental illness, though implementation has already been delayed twice.

Speaking at a news conference on Wednesday, Alberta Premier Danielle Smith emphasized that assisted dying should be reserved for those with no hope of recovery. “This legislation strengthens safeguards and restores clear limits on eligibility to protect vulnerable Albertans facing mental illness or living with disabilities,” she said. “Those struggling with severe mental health challenges need treatment, compassion and support, not a path to end their life at what may be their lowest moment.”

The proposed bill would prohibit doctors from initiating MAID discussions with patients and ban public advertising of the service in healthcare facilities. It would also formalize conscience protections for healthcare professionals and institutions.

Supporters of the legislation include Moira Wilson, president of Inclusion Canada, who said it “demonstrates that governments can strengthen laws and better protect people whose lives are not nearing an end,” and Mara Grunau, CEO of the Canadian Mental Health Association’s Alberta division, who highlighted the importance of recovery from mental illness.

However, opponents, including Helen Long, CEO of Dying with Dignity Canada, argue the proposal undermines patient autonomy. Long described the legislation as “a direct attempt to circumvent the constitutional criminal law authority” and warned it could create additional barriers for suffering individuals wishing to exercise choice.

Medically assisted deaths currently account for roughly 5% of deaths in Canada, with the majority involving patients whose death was reasonably foreseeable. Alberta’s proposed law aims to ensure that vulnerable groups, particularly those with mental illnesses or disabilities, are offered support and care rather than premature death.

Canada is among a handful of countries that have introduced assisted dying laws in the past decade, including Australia, New Zealand, Spain, and Austria.